Suchergebnisse

The efforts of the formal system of government to achieve social reintegration of chronic offenders is reflected, inter alia, through the application of a large number of educational and training retrain and therapeutic treatment in penal institutions. However, they still do not give the desired results. So, in this paper we analyze the results of studies that investigate effects of various forms of forensic treatment on the criminal re-offend. It was found that, in this context, it is important to determine whether the offender has a psychological predisposition toward antisocial behaviour, and whether deviations are present which do not have the character of mental illness, but have the impact on stubbornly chronically maintaining delinquency. Based on the results of empirical data from the relevant studies and practical experiences of forensic therapeutic experts, it was found that some forms of treatment, including training for development social skills, life skills, and empathy, for certain categories of violent offenders, not only does not lead to the expected reduction of violence, but even at first glance, paradoxical result, as many as five times more frequent criminal recovery, compared to the same category of offenders who are not covered by treatment. When this tendency is particularly worrying that in these cases the victims are subjected to insidious attacks against and become more vulnerable because they are representatives of the criminal justice system misled the attackers to make treatment safer. The paper points out the possible reasons for such negative outcomes of treatment and is located contraindicated category form of forensic psychotherapy to the riskiest psychological profile. It was estimated that the usual methods of psychotherapy and mental needs advisory applied in clinical trials in patients unsuitable for delinquent population. It was concluded that any rehabilitation treatment must be designed in accordance with psychological characteristics of the target group and each individual delinquents. Beside that, it is necessary to ensure the continued education of representatives of the judiciary in this area, as order to prevent damage due to indiscriminate referral of offenders to treatment contraindicated. ; Nastojanja formalnog sistema države da ostvari socijalnu reintegraciju hroničnih delinkvenata očituje se između ostalog i kroz primenu velikog broja edukativno-prevaspitnih treninga i terapijskih tretmana u penalnim ustanovama. Oni, međutim, još uvek ne daju željene rezultate, te su u ovom radu analizirani nalazi studija koje su se bavile istraživanjima efekata različitih vidova tretmana na kriminalni povrat. Utvrđeno je da je u tom kontekstu važno ustanoviti da li postoji psihološka predispozicija delinkventa ka antisocijalnom ponašanju, kao i to da li su prisutne devijacije koje nemaju karakter duševnog oboljenja, a utiču na to da se delinkvencija tvrdokorno održava. Na bazi rezultata empirijske građe iz relevantnih studija i iskustava stručnjaka u praktičnom forenzičkom terapijskom radu, ustanovljeno je da neki vidovi tretmana, uključujući i treninge za razvoj socijalnih i životnih veština i za razvijanje empatičnosti, kod pojedinih kategorija violentnih prestupnika, ne samo da ne dovode do očekivane redukcije nasilja, nego pak,na prvi pogled, paradoksalno rezultuju, čak pet puta češćim kriminalnim povratom, u poređenju sa istom kategorijom delinkvenata koji nisu obuhvaćeni tretmanom. Pri tom posebno zabrinjava tendencija da su u tim slučajevima žrtve izložene još podmuklijim atacima i da postaju vulnerabilnije jer su od strane predstavnika krivično-pravnog sistema dovedene u zabludu da će napadače tretman učiniti bezopasnijim. U radu je ukazano na moguće razloge ovakvih negativnih ishoda tretmana i locirana je kategorija kontraindikovanih formi forenzičkih psihoterapija za najrizičnije psihološke profile. Ocenjeno je da su uobičajene metode psihoterapijskog i savetodavno pedagoškog rada koje se primenjuju u kliničkim uslovima na pacijentima, neprikladne za delinkventnu populaciju. Zaključeno je da svaki rehabilitacioni tretman mora biti koncipiran u skladu sa psihološkim karakteristikama ciljne grupe i svakog pojedinačnog delinkvanta. Takođe je potrebno obezbediti kontinuiranu edukaciju predstavnika pravosudnih funkcija u ovom području, kako bi se prevenirale štete zbog neselektivnog upućivanja prestupnika na kontraindikovan tretman.

Uvod: Sajber kriminal se odnosi na svako nezakonito delo izvršeno korišćenjem računara, računarskih mreža ili drugog oblika informacionih i komunikacionih tehnologija. U zavisnosti od toga da li je tehnologija meta ili sredstvo izvršenja, možemo razlikovati krivična dela koja podrazumevaju napade usmerene na uređaje i računarske mreže i različite oblike "tradicionalnih" krivičnih dela čiji se obim i domet povećavaju upotrebom digitalnih tehnologija. Usled KOVID-19 pandemije ljudi su prisiljeni da ostaju kod kuće i da se, više nego ikada pre, oslone na računare, telefone i internet, kako bi mogli da rade, uče na daljinu, kupuju, informišu se i komuniciraju sa drugima. Premeštanje svakodnevnih i poslovnih aktivnosti iz fizičke u digitalnu sferu otvara i mogućnost nastanka novih oblika pretnji i rizika u sajber prostoru. Cilj: Cilj rada bio je da se eksplorativnim istraživanjem ustanove zastupljenost, raširenost i oblici ispoljavanja sajber kriminala tokom KOVID-19 pandemije. Metod: Korišćena je metoda pretraživanja i analize velikog broja primarnih i sekundarnih izvora informacija (desk research), proučavanjem različitih naučnih baza podataka i sprovedenih istraživanja o zastupljenosti i različitim oblicima sajber kriminala tokom pandemije. Rezultati: Podaci pokazuju da je tokom KOVID-19 pandemije došlo do povećanja stope raširenosti i sofisticiranosti sajber kriminala. Mete sajber napada su pored pojedinaca i malih preduzeća, sve više velike korporacije i institucije koje imaju ključnu ulogu u odgovoru na izbijanje bolesti. Pored rapidnog rasta sajber napada na računare i računarske mreže, došlo je i do povećanja broja "tradicionalnih" krivičnih dela u sajber prostoru, uz iskorišćavanje bezbednosne ranjivosti rada od kuće i straha i neizvesnosti zbog pandemije. Zaključak: Enormni rast sajber kriminala tokom KOVID-19 pandemije predstavlja ozbiljan izazov za državne strukture. Državno reagovanje na krupan porast sajber kriminala prvenstveno bi trebalo da se usmeri na sprovođenje preventivnih mera kroz edukacije i kampanje podizanja svesti, jer je najveći bezbednosni rizik potcenjivanje ili nedostatak svesti o pretnjama u sajber prostoru. ; Introduction: Cybercrime refers to any illegal act committed using computers, computer networks, or other forms of information and communication technologies. Depending on whether the technology is a target or a means of execution, we can distinguish between crimes that involve attacks aimed at devices and computer networks, and different forms of "traditional" crimes whose scope and reach increase with the use of digital technologies. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have to stay home, rely more than ever on computers, phones, and the Internet to telework, learn on distance, buy things, get information, and communicate with others. The shift of everyday and business activities from the physical to the digital sphere also opens the possibility of the emergence of new forms of threats and risks in cyberspace. Aim: The paper aimed to explore the prevalence and forms of manifestation of cybercrime during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Desk research was conducted by gathering and analyzing a plethora of primary and secondary sources of information, various scientific databases and research findings on the prevalence and various forms of cybercrime during the pandemic. Results: The data show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the prevalence, widespread presence, and sophistication of cybercrime. In addition to individuals and small businesses, the target of cyberattacks in greater amount is large corporations and institutions that play a crucial role in responding to the outbreak. Besides the rapid growth of cyber attacks on computers and computer networks, the rate of "traditional" crimes in cyberspace has also increased by exploiting security vulnerabilities of teleworking and fear and uncertainty due to the pandemic. Conclusion: The enormous growth of cybercrime during the COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious challenge to government structures. The state's response to the huge rise of cybercrime should initially focus on implementing preventive measures in the form of education and awareness-raising campaigns, as the greatest security risk is underestimation or lack of awareness of cyber threats.